Bridge Course Thinking Activity on Aristotle's Poetics
This Blog-post is a response of thinking activity on Aristotle's Poetics under as Bridge Course, given by Prof.Dr.Dilip Barad Sir. To know about more this task,CLICK HERE.
To Know about Aristotle, click the photo, bellow.
Aristotle's Poetics:
According to Gérard Genette in his Essays, 'In Aesthetics' - in volume 4, he mentioned that, "Poetics is the theory of literary forms and literary discourse." Aristotle's work 'Poetics' described broadly about the literary theory. Includes, Tragedy, Epic Poems, Poetry, Poetry v/s History, Catharsis also he divided the art poetry into the verse of drama, comedy etc. In Aristotle's Poetics, he defence the Theory of Mimes, which is a critical and philosophical term that carries a wide range of meanings, like 'Imitation'(Gebauer and Wulf 1992) Aristotle defence his teacher Plato's objections on poetry or poets.
(His reply to Plato’s Objection and he
differ in his Theory of Mimesis from his Guru Plato)
4.
Aristotle’s Definition of Tragedy
(Aristotle distinguish among various
fine arts and His definition of Tragedy)
5.
Aristotle’s theory of Catharsis
(Various interpretations given to the
meaning of Catharsis and How far Catharsis is relevant today.)
6.
Aristotle’s Six parts of Tragedy
(The characteristics of tragic hero and
What does he mean by Hamartia)
7.
Aristotle’s views on Epic
(According to Aristotle, Epic better
than tragedy? And How does he distinguish Epic and Tragedy?)
Criticism and Creativity:
There is very minor difference between literary criticism and literary theory. Like we can not find what exact result of between Egg and Hen. As Thomas De Quincey said that, "Criticism may be termed as the literature of Knowledge and Creative writing as the literature of Power."
Plato's Objection to Poetry:
His Objection on Poetry, from his Education point of view : poetry does not cultivate good habits among children.
His Objection from Philosophical point of view:Philosophy is better than poetry, because philosophy deals with realistic or factual idea or truth with Intellectual concern.
His Objection form the Moral point of view:Men's emotional,Sentimental and Sorrowful impulses.
Aristotle's theory of 'Mimesis':
In Plato's theory, he said that all art is mimetic by nature; and art is an imitation of life. Mimesis is a Greek word which simply define as Imitation. Also included several meanings like representation, mimicry, non-sensuous similarity etc.(Gebauer and Wulf 1992). Plato also gave one example of Chair, that it first came in Carpenter's mind and after making, painter saw it and then he will draw, he imitate carpenter's chair. Thus, painter's chair twice removed from reality. So that he prefer to choose philosophy because it direct connect with Reality. Although Aristotle not agreed with his point and he objected his Guru's point.
Aristotle Definition on Tragedy:
He defines, "Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in the language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation-catharsis of these and similar emotions."
Catharsis is the tragic flaw which the viewer or reader might be know that what happened in next with the tragic hero. For example the viewer know that the particular movie is tragic or might be crying for you, however the viewer absolutely go to watch the movie and the end will be exactly which the viewer expected. Aristotle said it perhaps a Purgation. In Greek it means Purification. Aristotle calls it "the tragic pleasure" which is Paradox. Aristotle said that "Catharsis is not a technical reference to purgation or purification but a beautiful metaphor for the peculiar tragic pleasure, the feeling of being washed or cleansed."
Six Part of Tragedy:
Greek Words and English Words
Mythos
Plot
Ethos
Character
Dianoia
Thought
Lexis
Diction
Melos
Melody/Songs
Opsis
Spectacle
Epic and Tragedy:
Differences between Epic and Tragedy according to Aristotle,
Points
Epic Poetry
Tragedy
Length
Epic is vast in its magnitude. Action is not
limited in epic.
Tragedy endeavors, as far as possible, to confine
itself
Meter
Confined only to one meter.
Epics have hexameter
Variety of meters.
Tragedy can have iambic pentameter, trochaic,
tetrameter etc.
Subject Meter
Related with an action concerning the fortunes or
destiny of people or nation, and thereby it presents the life of an entire
period.
The emphasis is on an individual, his
idiosyncrasies and behavior.
Marvelous and irrational
Absurdity passes unnoticed.
Probability and necessity in tragedy
Plot
Epic’s plot is more episodic than tragedy.
Epic and tragedy may have similarity in its
complexity.
Aristotle defines the new way of philosophy regarding to the literature about poetry or gave the pleasure and delight in poetry with loggically arguments and disagreements of Plato's statements.
Here are my answers to the questions, given by our Professor.
Que.no.1. How far do you agree with Plato’s objection to freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers? Name the texts (novels, plays, poems, movies, TV soaps etc which can be rightfully objected and banned with reference to Plato’s objections)
Masaan (also known as Fly Away Solo in English) was released in 2015, directed by Neeraj Ghaywan and Screen played by Varun Grover. The story leads main two stories. The film starting with first story abot Devi Pathak who struggled with Blackmailing due to she had “sex scandal” brings shame on Devi and her father also the scandal was recorded by police-man and he blackmailed them till the end of the film. Movie smoothly gone to love-story between Deepak and Shaalu both were come from different casts. The tension between these both story leads two concepts, about Individualism of sexuality and other one about the love matter in human beings not in casts, struggle in society, how lower class people faced the society to secured their reputation. Four lives, were struggling between romance and tragedy. Varun Grover, showed his artistic liberty. Writer should have liberty to presents what's going on in the society. The only thing which gave us the mirror reflation of society. This film breaks Plato's Objections in a very right way. Here I put full Movie.
Que.no.2. Have you studied any tragedies during B.A. programme? Who was/were the tragic protagonist/s in those tragedies? What was their ‘Hamartia’?
All My Sons:
" All My Sons " written by Arthur Miller. In this play, Joe Killer who loses his two sons because of his own mistakes and greed. The Tragic Protagonist of the play was Joe Killer. Joe Killer's Hamartia is that his sons suicide because he killed many pilots and his son also killed. Later on it declare through his Eldest son Larry's Letter that he committed suicide due to his father's wrong step.
Othello(The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice):
'Othello' is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. Othello was the tragic protagonist of the play. He suffered from Hamartia due to his jealous nature towards his wife and at the result he killed her. After her death he realized that she was innocent and he felt guilty.
Que.3. Did the ‘Plot’ of those tragedies follow necessary rules and regulations proposed by Aristotle? (Like chain of cause and effect, principle of probability and necessity, harmonious arrangement of incidents, complete, certain magnitude, unity of action etc)
In this play, the incident of Plan crash, perhaps lead the cause and the effect was the tree which planted in Larry's honor has blown down during the month of his birth in storm. It lead in reader's mind that something will happen with Larry. While in Othello, Shakespeare breaks the unity of time because in Othello we can see that there is more then the day which Aristotle put the Unity of time and Action. In All My Son, Miller kindly follows the unity of action that the particular action opens in the morning and ends in the early hours on the morning of the next day.(Encyclopedia)
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